|
Coagulation factors and the associated regulatory proteins in EOC |
|
| Coagulation factors |
Effects |
|
|
|
| Tissue factor (TF) ↑ |
Promoting angiogenesis by activation of MAPK[73] and protein C kinase C-dependent signaling[76]; TF-PAR2 selectively synergizes with PDGF-BB to enhance to metastasis in lymphnodes[78]. Promoting invasion and metastasis by the activation of P21Ras and P42/P44 MAPK pathway to inhibit apoptosis[14]; overexpressing growth factors and chemokines (i.e. IL-8)[13]. |
| TF-VII-PAR2 ↑ |
Promoting angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis by clotting-independent mechanism[77] in presence of inflammatory cytokines |
| Factor X ↑ |
Forming complex with TF-VIIa to promote tumor angiogenesis and metastasis[14] |
| Thrombin/PAR1 ↑ |
Promoting angiogenesis by inhibiting EC migration to collagen type IV or to laminin[99]; upregulating VEGF expression[100]. Promoting invasion and metastasis depended on at least 6 mechanisms (text) |
| Fibrinogen/fibrin ↑ |
Stimulating angiogenesis; the fibrin gel matrix facilitating tumor metastasis; increasing plasma exudates to form ascites[129, 130, 132]. |
| Factor XII/XI ↑ |
Positive feedback on human kallikreins system |
| Factor XIII ↑ |
Form stable fibrin |
| Regulatory proteins |
|
| Heparin cofactor II ↑ |
Produce chemoattractant peptide for MAs migration. |
| Endothelial protein C receptor ↑ |
Intensifying APC-PAR1 signal transduction [205] and contributing to antiapoptosis in tumor. |
| Tissue factor pathway inhibitor ↓ |
Loss of control of tumor growth and metastasis by activating Factor Xa and increasing Factor Xa-PAR2 signaling[81]. |
| Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 ↓ |
Loss of Inhibiting TF-VIIa complex and various protease but not Factor Xa; Loss of antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis. |
Wang et al. Journal of Translational Medicine 2005 3:25 doi:10.1186/1479-5876-3-25 |
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