Adrenergic gene polymorphisms and cardiovascular risk in the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation.
Pacanowski MA, Zineh I, Li H, Johnson BD, Cooper-DeHoff RM, Bittner V, McNamara DM, Sharaf BL, Merz CN, Pepine CJ, Johnson JA.
Department of Pharmacy Practice and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA. pacanow@cop.ufl.edu
BACKGROUND: Adrenergic gene polymorphisms are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes. We investigated the influence of adrenergic gene polymorphisms on cardiovascular risk in women with suspected myocardial ischemia. METHODS: We genotyped 628 women referred for coronary angiography for eight polymorphisms in the alpha1A-, beta1-, beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptors (ADRA1A, ADRB1, ADRB2, ADRB3, respectively), and their signaling proteins, G-protein beta 3 subunit (GNB3) and G-protein alpha subunit (GNAS). We compared the incidence of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure between genotype groups in all women and women without obstructive coronary stenoses. RESULTS: After a median of 5.8 years of follow-up, 115 women had an event. Patients with the ADRB1 Gly389 polymorphism were at higher risk for the composite outcome due to higher rates of myocardial infarction (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 3.63, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.17-11.28; Gly/Gly vs. Arg/Arg HR 4.14, 95%CI 0.88-19.6). The risk associated with ADRB1 Gly389 was limited to those without obstructive CAD (n = 400, Pinteraction = 0.03), albeit marginally significant in this subset (HR 1.71, 95%CI 0.91-3.19). Additionally, women without obstructive CAD carrying the ADRB3 Arg64 variant were at higher risk for the composite endpoint (HR 2.10, 95%CI 1.05-4.24) due to subtle increases in risk for all of the individual endpoints. No genetic associations were present in women with obstructive CAD. CONCLUSION: In this exploratory analysis, common coding polymorphisms in the beta1- and beta3-adrenergic receptors increased cardiovascular risk in women referred for diagnostic angiography, and could improve risk assessment, particularly for women without evidence of obstructive CAD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00000554.
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PMID: 18331634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID: PMC2329599